<div>Non-pharmacological treatments included oral motor exercises, swallowing maneuvers (e.g., Mendelson's maneuver, supraglottic swallowing, effort swallowing), neuromuscular electrostimulation to the neck and jaw, pharyngeal electrical stimulation, and respiratory muscle exercises. These treatments reduced MS-related dysphagia symptoms, reduced aspiration frequency, and improved quality of life. Limitations included a very small number of included studies as well as heterogeneity in the sample of the included studies.</div>
