Digital Cognitive Tests for Dementia Screening: A Systematic Review

Shiraz E-Medical Journal

Amanzadeh, M., Hamedan, M., et al. (2023).

Shiraz E-Medical Journal, 24(6), 24-34.

<div>This systematic review investigates digital screening tests for detecting cognitive deficits in individuals with suspected dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).</div>

No funding received

From database inception to June 2022

<div>Peer-reviewed studies excluding reviews</div>

32

<p>This review located 17 mobile-based screening tools for detecting cognitive impairments in individuals with suspected dementia or MCI. Of these, the following tools had the highest sensitivity and/or specificity:</p> <ul> <li><strong>BrainCheck:</strong> BrainCheck demonstrated a sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 94% in individuals with dementia.&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Brain Health Assessment (BHA): </strong>The BHA demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 85% for individuals with MCI. For individuals with dementia, a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 85% was reported.&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Cognitive Assessment for Dementia, iPad version (CADi): </strong>The CADi demonstrated a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 77% for individuals with dementia. However, the CADi2 demonstrated a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 81% for individuals with dementia.&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Virtual Supermarket Task (VSM):</strong> The VSM demonstrated a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 94% in individuals with MCI.&nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>A full list of the reported psychometric properties for all 17 mobile-based screening tools can be located in Table 3 of this review.</p>

<p>This review located nine desktop-based screening tools for detecting cognitive impairment in individuals with suspected dementia or MCI. Of these, the following tools had the highest sensitivity and/or specificity:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Cogstate: </strong>sn = 78%, sp = 90% for individuals with early Alzheimer's disease;</li> <li><strong>MicroCog: </strong>sn = 98%, sp = 83% for individuals with MCI; and the</li> <li><strong>Montreal Cognitive Assessment- Computerized Chinese Version (MoCA-CC):</strong> sn = 95.8%, sp = 87.1% for Chinese individuals with MCI.&nbsp;</li> </ul> <p>A full list of the reported psychometric properties for all nine desktop-based screening tools can be located in Table 4 of this review.</p>

<p>This review located four web-based screening tools for detecting cognitive impairment in individuals with suspected dementia or MCI. The following psychometrics were reported:</p> <ul> <li><strong>CNS Vital Signs (CNS-VS):&nbsp;</strong>The CNS-V demonstrated a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 85% for individuals with MCI. The CNS-V has a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 94% for individuals with dementia.&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Computer-Based Dementia Assessment Content (Co-Wis):</strong> There was a significant correlation between the Co-Wis and the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery.</li> <li><strong>Miami Test of Semantic Interference and Learning (MITSI-L):<em> </em></strong>The MITSI-L demonstrated an accuracy of 85.3%.</li> <li><strong>Mindstreams:&nbsp;</strong>This tool significantly differentiated between controls and MCI.&nbsp;</li> </ul>