This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effect of working memory training programs (i.e., CogMed, Jungle Memory, Braingame Brian) on working memory outcomes in children and adolescents with learning disabilities, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Randomized controlled trials; quasi-experimental study designs
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Findings demonstrated positive and maintained effects in the three training programmes (i.e., Cogmed, Jungle Memory, and Braingame Brian) for children with learning disability (LD). Specifically, seven studies showed a medium effect size on verbal working memory (WM; g= 0.64), a small effect size on visuo-spatial WM (g=0.63), and a small to medium effect on decoding (g=0.36). Analysis of variables showed that children over the age of ten years benefited more than younger children on verbal WM (Q6= 3.78, p< .03). The majority of the studies (76%) included children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), whereas the remaining studies included unspecified LD or ADHD and upspecified LD. Limitations to this review include heterogenity between studies, small sample sizes, and reduced methodological rigor of included studies. Further research is warranted.
