Social Considerations: Exercise and Engagement, Communicative Participation
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This Perspectives activity contains three articles, all with emphasis on social
considerations in the elderly, with emphases on risk factors for dementia and treatment
of Parkinson’s Disease.
The first article seeks to describe the validity and reliability of the Fun and Social
Engagement Evaluation (FUSE). The authors explain that this is an important topic
because lack of physical activity and low social engagement are risk factors for dementia
and could impact the rate of decline associated with dementia. Furthermore, physical
inactivity has been identified by the World Health Organization as a leading risk factor for
global mortality. Nursing home residents were evaluated using the FUSE during
“Bingocize” sessions; the program combines a bingo-like game and physical activity and
is scaled for differing cognitive and physical levels of ability. Results indicate that the
FUSE is a valid and reliable method to measure engagement, and this is important
because this measure can be recommended to nursing homes to measure engagement,
as well as used in future research. The second article attempts to determine which of a variety of factors were
associated with communicative participation and measured this based on the social
network size of an individual. The author feels that this is important because social
isolation is linked to cognitive decline and depression, both of which are risk factors for
developing dementia. This study builds on previous research related to social
participation and communication as predictors of successful health outcomes. Two
research questions are addressed: What numbers of communication partners exist in
the self-reported social network of older adults? And what factors are included in a
model for predicting the social network size of older adults? They studied 337 seniors in
Central Arkansas by collecting interviews and conducting standardized assessments.
Results indicate that cognition and education are factors that are related to
communicative participation. The results of this study, along with additional literature on
this topic, suggest that there is benefit in recognizing a decrease in communicative
participation and the role that cognitive decline may play in restricting communicative
participation.
The final article describes the program developed at Long Island University
Brooklyn, which is multidisciplinary in nature, in contrast to previous treatment models
which have traditionally focused on a monodisciplinary approach. In the past decade,
there has been a shift from monodisciplinary models and research to a multidisciplinary
approach, which is more effective in holistically treating the multifaceted effects of
Parkinson’s Disease (PD), resulting in better outcomes and social participation for
individuals with PD. The article describes use of the Fitness for PD exercise program
twice per week for ten weeks, targeting strength, balance, agility, stretching, and aerobic
exercises. Students at the university are engaged in taking vitals, facilitating resistance
training, and enhancing safety; students and participants find benefit in working together. One hour Speech Clinic for PD sessions are conducted after each fitness class,
including voice evaluations and therapy focusing on maximizing voice production and
improving breathing patterns. The first half of sessions are conducted in game format,
which encourages interpersonal interactions and collaboration and facilitates carryover
into conversational contexts. Sessions incorporate Motor Learning Principles, LSVT
LOUD, and respiratory exercises. The second half of sessions are conducted in whole-group format and speech practice in small groups.
Learning
Outcomes
You
will be able to:
- identify the benefit of exercise and social engagement for nursing home
residents
- list at least two potential consequences of social isolation in the older adult
population
- explain the rationale for multidisciplinary programs combining exercise and
speech therapy for individuals with PD
Assessment
Type
Self-assessment—Think
about what you learned and report on the Completion Form how you will use your
new knowledge.
Articles
in This Course
- Measurement of Social Engagement of Nursing Home Residents During an Exercise
Program by Jean Neils-Strunjas, K. Jason Crandall, Brian Weiler, Annika Gabbard,
Caroline Wood, and Xiuhua Ding, published in SIG 15, Volume 6, Issue 5,
October 20, 2021
- Examining Social Networks in Older Adults: What Predicts Communicative Participation?
by Melanie Meeker, Kimberly C. McCullough, Gary H. McCullough, and Usenime
Akpanudo, published in SIG 15, Volume 6, Issue 4,
August 20, 2021
- A Community-Based Program for Exercise and Social Participation for Individuals With
Parkinson's Disease: A Multidisciplinary Model by Gemma Moya-Galé, Amerigo Rossi,
and Rebecca A. States, published in SIG 15, Volume 5, Issue 5,
October 23, 2020
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